Estimated Worldwide Haplotype Frequencies (%)
Compiled for Mitomap by O. Derbeneva 2009
Please note:
These numbers are for illustrative purposes, not for solid calculations.
They are simple means from published frequencies and not always have all haplogroups been typed.
REGION | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | n.d. |
Africa | 17 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 46 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 15 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||
Middle East | 1 | <0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 2 | 13 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 15 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 13 | |
South East Asia | 13 | 87 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Australia and Oceania | 23 | 1 | 7 | 48 | 7 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||
West Europe | 1 | 0 | 41 | 2 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 18 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | |||||||
East Europe | 1 | <0.5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 35 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 22 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | |||
Caucasus | 1 | <0.5 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 23 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 22 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 7 | ||||
Central Asia | 7 | 5 | 12 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 15 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
East Asia | 7 | 16 | 5 | 26 | 0 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 0 | <0.5 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 7 | ||||||
Siberia | 8 | 3 | 30 | 19 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 5 | |
North America | 43 | 23 | 18 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
South and Central Americas | 28 | 27 | 21 | 19 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Haplogroup Markers with HVS1 Motif
www.mitomap.org
Nucleotide positions for RFLPs represent the first
base of the recognition sequence in the top strand, not the actual cut site.
"-" = enzyme site absent, "+" = enzyme site present
All diagnostic markers are indexed to the rCRS, NC_012920.
Haplogroup | Diagnostic RFLP site* |
Diagnostic SNP The rCRS nucleotide is on the left of the SNP position, the diagnostic value is on the right. |
HVS1 motif All sites are transtions except where indicated. |
L0, L1, L2 | +3592h | C3594T | no specific sites |
L3 | -3592h | C3594C | no specific sites |
M | +10397a (+10394c) | C10400T + A10398G | no specific sites |
N | -10397a and +10871z | C10400C + A10398A and T10873T | no specific sites |
M subgroups: | |||
C | +13262a (-13259o) | A13263G | 16223 16327 16298 |
D | -5176a | C5178A | 16223 16362 |
E | -13619x | C13626T | 16362 16390 |
G | +4830n (+4831f) | A4833G | 16223 16278 16362 |
Q | no RFLP | A5843G | 16129 16241 16311 |
Z | no RFLP | T9090C | 16185 16223 16260 16298 |
N/R subgroups: | |||
R | +12704j | C12705C | 16223C (=CRS) |
B | 8281-8289 nps 9bp del | 8280:8290 =A[delCCCCCTCTA]G | 16183C 16189 16217 |
F | -6389y | T6392C | 16304 |
P | no RFLP | T10118C (P1:90% but P2:11%) | no specific sites |
HV-group | -14766u | C14766C | |
H | -7025a | C7028C | no specific sites |
V | -4577q | G4580A | 16298 |
TJ-group | +4216q | T4216C | 16126 |
J | -13704t | G13078A | 16069 16126 |
T | +4914r | A4917G | 16126 16294 |
UK-group (U and Uk) | +12308g | A12308G | no specific sites |
Uk (formerly known as K) | +12308g and -9052d (-9053f) | A12308G and G9055A | 16224 16311 |
N/non-R subgroups: | |||
A | +663e | A663G | 16223 16290 16319 16362 |
I | -4529n | A4529T and T10034C | 16129 16223 16391 |
S | no RFLP | T8404C | no specific sites |
W | no RFLP | A11947G | 16223 16292 |
X | no RFLP | C6371T | 16183C 16189 16223 16278 |
Y | -8391e | G8392A | 16126 |
* Enzyme Codes & Recognition Sequence
a, AluI AGCT | b, AvaII GG(A/T)CC | c, DdeI CTNAG | d,
HaeII (A/G)GCGC(C/T) | e, HaeIII GGCC | f, HhaI GCGC | g, HinfI GANTC | h, HpaI GTTAAC | i, MspI CCGG | j, MboII GAAGA | k, RsaI GTAC | l, TaqI TCGA | m, BamHI GGATCC |
n, HaeII (A/G)GCGC(C/T) | o, HincII GT(C/T)(A/G)AC | p, BstOI CC(A/T)GG | q, NlaIII CATG | r, BfaI CTAG | s, AccI GT(A/C)(G/T)AC | t, BstNI CC(A/T)GG | u, MseI TTAA | v, - | w, - | x, HphI GGTGA | y, Tsp509I AATT | z, MnlI CCTC |